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Home parenteral nutrition during a day and night regime
Fidlerová, Karolína ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Staněk, Ivo (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with home parenteral nutrition in the day and night regime and its effect on patients. Parenteral nutrition is usually administered at night so that patients can do normal daily activities and so that nutrition administered in this way has the least impact on their lives. Parenteral nutrition is not a physiological route of nutrient administration and it is not natural for the human body to process nutrients at night. The first part of the theoretical work presents parenteral nutrition and its composition, indications, contraindications and complications. The next part of the thesis describes home parenteral nutrition and its organisation which is necessary for this form of nutritional support to be implemented. It is necessary to monitor many laboratory values on parenteral nutrition, the theoretical part specifically mentions cholesterol, triacylglycerols, glycemia or liver function tests. One of the important parts is the chapter about circadian rhythms, hormones and metabolic changes in energy intake at night. Qualitative research was chosen for this work, which involved 17 patients on home parenteral nutrition. These patients were getting their nutrition during the night. Their laboratory values such as liver function tests, glycaemia and blood fats was evaluated and...
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Regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity in circulation
Zemánková, Kateřina ; Kovář, Jan (advisor) ; Vrablík, Michal (referee)
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme in lipoprotein metabolism. The enzyme catalyzes hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (TG) of chylomicrons and of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). However, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of this protein are not fully understood yet. Therefore, the aim of the theses is to study selected aspects of LPL activity regulation. Recently discovered apolipoprotein A-V (apo A-V) substantially affects triglyceridemia and it is presumed that it may function as LPL activator. However, its concentration in the blood is extremely low and we therefore investigated whether most of apo A-V could be bound to the heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) of vascular wall similarly to LPL. Intravenous heparin application in healthy volunteers resulted in an expected increase in LPL activity but apo A-V concentration did not change. Our results do not support the hypothesis that most of apo A-V is bound to HSPG of the capillary endothelium. An alcohol consumption plays also a role in LPL regulation - the long-term moderate alcohol consumption is known to increase enzyme activity; on the contrary, it is presumed that LPL activity is inhibited immediately after alcohol consumption. However, the direct evidence for such a premise is missing. The other aim of the theses was to...
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Disorders of energetic metabolism of the horned cattle
HORČIČKOVÁ, Michaela
The work was concentrated on the value of an impact for metabolism of two types of nutritive ration with milch cows of Holstein breed in the period of making cow milk on the top of lactation. The nutritive ration based on the grass haylage was compared to the nutritive mixed ration based on the grass haylage and maize silage. The successive energetic parameters glycaemia, cholesterol, triacylglycerols, urae and totally albumens were evaluated in the practised metabolic profile tests. Complementary parameters were enzyme gamma-glutamyl, ketone bodies substances and acid-basic secretion of urine. The work evidenced that the nutritive ration based on the grass haylage did not fill up the determinated requirements from the point of the dry substance and nett energy of lactation. The mentioned lack reflected the reduced content triacylglycerols especially in the rising phase of lactation. The energetic deficit in that period was not such that a reduction of the condition of the milch cows would occure frequently and the creation of ketone bodies substances. The nutritive ration based on the grass haylage is possible to use like an alternative nourishment of high productive milch cows in marginal situations and only for limited time.
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